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  What it means

  “Saint Andrew confirmed Advent.” Saint Andrew’s Day (30 November) marks the beginning of the Advent season in the Polish folk calendar.

  Vocabulary

  • Jędrzej — Andrew (folk form of Andrzej)
  • adwent — Advent
  • przytwierdzić — to confirm, to fasten, to fix

  Grammar note

  'Przytwierdzil' is the past tense masculine singular of 'przytwierdzić'. The subject 'Święty Jędrzej' is masculine, hence the '-l' ending.

  Cultural context

  In the traditional Polish liturgical calendar, Advent begins around Saint Andrew's Day. 'Jędrzej' is an older folk variant of 'Andrzej'.

  Intermediate

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