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  What it means

  “July heat foretells January frosts.” A folk weather proverb: a very hot July predicts a very cold January. Extremes in summer mirror extremes in winter.

  Vocabulary

  • upał — heat, heatwave
  • lipcowy — of July, July (adjective)
  • wróżyć — to foretell, to predict
  • mróz — frost
  • styczniowy — of January, January (adjective)

  Grammar note

  'Upały lipcowe' is the nominative plural subject. 'Wróżą' is third-person plural present of 'wróżyć'. 'Mrozy styczniowe' is the accusative plural object.

  Cultural context

  Part of a rich tradition of Polish folk meteorology linking calendar months in pairs; farmers used such sayings to plan for the year ahead.

  Intermediate

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